On a 256 color xterm (or urxvt with the 256color patch), set TERM=xterm-256color e.g. in ~/.bashrc. Source it.
Then may check your colors with this color-printer script (256 color output). May also just use: 'tput colors' for the number of supported colors).
Set t_Co=256 in your .vimrc. Now may take a 256 capable colorscheme (inkpot.vim, mine, ...) and may additionally tweak it. (Lookup the numbers on this 'about' color-chart: xterm <-> rgb, or use 'tput' or however).
Note: there are also other 256 color capable terminals like rxvt, konsole, screen, pterm...
For a quick-update of your color-setup (while you tweak
it), may use a mapping like:
map <F8> :update<CR>:colorscheme
colorconfig<CR>
in your ~/.vimrc.
My actual dark / light colorscheme (according sshots: dark / light).
Gvim and Vim in comparison
Well, the biggest disadvantage of VIM (ESC far off located) is easy to solve :)
May send comments to: mac@calmar.ws, thanks!